//Copyright 2014-2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved. //Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style //license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at //https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd /** * @fileoverview The U2F api. */ 'use strict'; /** * Namespace for the U2F api. * @type {Object} */ var u2f = u2f || {}; /** * FIDO U2F Javascript API Version * @number */ var js_api_version; /** * The U2F extension id * @const {string} */ // The Chrome packaged app extension ID. // Uncomment this if you want to deploy a server instance that uses // the package Chrome app and does not require installing the U2F Chrome extension. u2f.EXTENSION_ID = 'kmendfapggjehodndflmmgagdbamhnfd'; // The U2F Chrome extension ID. // Uncomment this if you want to deploy a server instance that uses // the U2F Chrome extension to authenticate. // u2f.EXTENSION_ID = 'pfboblefjcgdjicmnffhdgionmgcdmne'; /** * Message types for messages to/from the extension * @const * @enum {string} */ u2f.MessageTypes = { 'U2F_REGISTER_REQUEST': 'u2f_register_request', 'U2F_REGISTER_RESPONSE': 'u2f_register_response', 'U2F_SIGN_REQUEST': 'u2f_sign_request', 'U2F_SIGN_RESPONSE': 'u2f_sign_response', 'U2F_GET_API_VERSION_REQUEST': 'u2f_get_api_version_request', 'U2F_GET_API_VERSION_RESPONSE': 'u2f_get_api_version_response' }; /** * Response status codes * @const * @enum {number} */ u2f.ErrorCodes = { 'OK': 0, 'OTHER_ERROR': 1, 'BAD_REQUEST': 2, 'CONFIGURATION_UNSUPPORTED': 3, 'DEVICE_INELIGIBLE': 4, 'TIMEOUT': 5 }; /** * A message for registration requests * @typedef {{ * type: u2f.MessageTypes, * appId: ?string, * timeoutSeconds: ?number, * requestId: ?number * }} */ u2f.U2fRequest; /** * A message for registration responses * @typedef {{ * type: u2f.MessageTypes, * responseData: (u2f.Error | u2f.RegisterResponse | u2f.SignResponse), * requestId: ?number * }} */ u2f.U2fResponse; /** * An error object for responses * @typedef {{ * errorCode: u2f.ErrorCodes, * errorMessage: ?string * }} */ u2f.Error; /** * Data object for a single sign request. * @typedef {enum {BLUETOOTH_RADIO, BLUETOOTH_LOW_ENERGY, USB, NFC}} */ u2f.Transport; /** * Data object for a single sign request. * @typedef {Array} */ u2f.Transports; /** * Data object for a single sign request. * @typedef {{ * version: string, * challenge: string, * keyHandle: string, * appId: string * }} */ u2f.SignRequest; /** * Data object for a sign response. * @typedef {{ * keyHandle: string, * signatureData: string, * clientData: string * }} */ u2f.SignResponse; /** * Data object for a registration request. * @typedef {{ * version: string, * challenge: string * }} */ u2f.RegisterRequest; /** * Data object for a registration response. * @typedef {{ * version: string, * keyHandle: string, * transports: Transports, * appId: string * }} */ u2f.RegisterResponse; /** * Data object for a registered key. * @typedef {{ * version: string, * keyHandle: string, * transports: ?Transports, * appId: ?string * }} */ u2f.RegisteredKey; /** * Data object for a get API register response. * @typedef {{ * js_api_version: number * }} */ u2f.GetJsApiVersionResponse; //Low level MessagePort API support /** * Sets up a MessagePort to the U2F extension using the * available mechanisms. * @param {function((MessagePort|u2f.WrappedChromeRuntimePort_))} callback */ u2f.getMessagePort = function(callback) { if (typeof chrome != 'undefined' && chrome.runtime) { // The actual message here does not matter, but we need to get a reply // for the callback to run. Thus, send an empty signature request // in order to get a failure response. var msg = { type: u2f.MessageTypes.U2F_SIGN_REQUEST, signRequests: [] }; chrome.runtime.sendMessage(u2f.EXTENSION_ID, msg, function() { if (!chrome.runtime.lastError) { // We are on a whitelisted origin and can talk directly // with the extension. u2f.getChromeRuntimePort_(callback); } else { // chrome.runtime was available, but we couldn't message // the extension directly, use iframe u2f.getIframePort_(callback); } }); } else if (u2f.isAndroidChrome_()) { u2f.getAuthenticatorPort_(callback); } else if (u2f.isIosChrome_()) { u2f.getIosPort_(callback); } else { // chrome.runtime was not available at all, which is normal // when this origin doesn't have access to any extensions. u2f.getIframePort_(callback); } }; /** * Detect chrome running on android based on the browser's useragent. * @private */ u2f.isAndroidChrome_ = function() { var userAgent = navigator.userAgent; return userAgent.indexOf('Chrome') != -1 && userAgent.indexOf('Android') != -1; }; /** * Detect chrome running on iOS based on the browser's platform. * @private */ u2f.isIosChrome_ = function() { return ["iPhone", "iPad", "iPod"].indexOf(navigator.platform) > -1; }; /** * Connects directly to the extension via chrome.runtime.connect. * @param {function(u2f.WrappedChromeRuntimePort_)} callback * @private */ u2f.getChromeRuntimePort_ = function(callback) { var port = chrome.runtime.connect(u2f.EXTENSION_ID, {'includeTlsChannelId': true}); setTimeout(function() { callback(new u2f.WrappedChromeRuntimePort_(port)); }, 0); }; /** * Return a 'port' abstraction to the Authenticator app. * @param {function(u2f.WrappedAuthenticatorPort_)} callback * @private */ u2f.getAuthenticatorPort_ = function(callback) { setTimeout(function() { callback(new u2f.WrappedAuthenticatorPort_()); }, 0); }; /** * Return a 'port' abstraction to the iOS client app. * @param {function(u2f.WrappedIosPort_)} callback * @private */ u2f.getIosPort_ = function(callback) { setTimeout(function() { callback(new u2f.WrappedIosPort_()); }, 0); }; /** * A wrapper for chrome.runtime.Port that is compatible with MessagePort. * @param {Port} port * @constructor * @private */ u2f.WrappedChromeRuntimePort_ = function(port) { this.port_ = port; }; /** * Format and return a sign request compliant with the JS API version supported by the extension. * @param {Array} signRequests * @param {number} timeoutSeconds * @param {number} reqId * @return {Object} */ u2f.formatSignRequest_ = function(appId, challenge, registeredKeys, timeoutSeconds, reqId) { if (js_api_version === undefined || js_api_version < 1.1) { // Adapt request to the 1.0 JS API. var signRequests = []; for (var i = 0; i < registeredKeys.length; i++) { signRequests[i] = { version: registeredKeys[i].version, challenge: challenge, keyHandle: registeredKeys[i].keyHandle, appId: appId }; } return { type: u2f.MessageTypes.U2F_SIGN_REQUEST, signRequests: signRequests, timeoutSeconds: timeoutSeconds, requestId: reqId }; } // JS 1.1 API. return { type: u2f.MessageTypes.U2F_SIGN_REQUEST, appId: appId, challenge: challenge, registeredKeys: registeredKeys, timeoutSeconds: timeoutSeconds, requestId: reqId }; }; /** * Format and return a register request compliant with the JS API version supported by the extension.. * @param {Array} signRequests * @param {Array} signRequests * @param {number} timeoutSeconds * @param {number} reqId * @return {Object} */ u2f.formatRegisterRequest_ = function(appId, registeredKeys, registerRequests, timeoutSeconds, reqId) { if (js_api_version === undefined || js_api_version < 1.1) { // Adapt request to the 1.0 JS API. for (var i = 0; i < registerRequests.length; i++) { registerRequests[i].appId = appId; } var signRequests = []; for (var i = 0; i < registeredKeys.length; i++) { signRequests[i] = { version: registeredKeys[i].version, challenge: registerRequests[0], keyHandle: registeredKeys[i].keyHandle, appId: appId }; } return { type: u2f.MessageTypes.U2F_REGISTER_REQUEST, signRequests: signRequests, registerRequests: registerRequests, timeoutSeconds: timeoutSeconds, requestId: reqId }; } // JS 1.1 API. return { type: u2f.MessageTypes.U2F_REGISTER_REQUEST, appId: appId, registerRequests: registerRequests, registeredKeys: registeredKeys, timeoutSeconds: timeoutSeconds, requestId: reqId }; }; /** * Posts a message on the underlying channel. * @param {Object} message */ u2f.WrappedChromeRuntimePort_.prototype.postMessage = function(message) { this.port_.postMessage(message); }; /** * Emulates the HTML 5 addEventListener interface. Works only for the * onmessage event, which is hooked up to the chrome.runtime.Port.onMessage. * @param {string} eventName * @param {function({data: Object})} handler */ u2f.WrappedChromeRuntimePort_.prototype.addEventListener = function(eventName, handler) { var name = eventName.toLowerCase(); if (name == 'message' || name == 'onmessage') { this.port_.onMessage.addListener(function(message) { // Emulate a minimal MessageEvent object. handler({'data': message}); }); } else { console.error('WrappedChromeRuntimePort only supports onMessage'); } }; /** * Wrap the Authenticator app with a MessagePort interface. * @constructor * @private */ u2f.WrappedAuthenticatorPort_ = function() { this.requestId_ = -1; this.requestObject_ = null; } /** * Launch the Authenticator intent. * @param {Object} message */ u2f.WrappedAuthenticatorPort_.prototype.postMessage = function(message) { var intentUrl = u2f.WrappedAuthenticatorPort_.INTENT_URL_BASE_ + ';S.request=' + encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(message)) + ';end'; document.location = intentUrl; }; /** * Tells what type of port this is. * @return {String} port type */ u2f.WrappedAuthenticatorPort_.prototype.getPortType = function() { return "WrappedAuthenticatorPort_"; }; /** * Emulates the HTML 5 addEventListener interface. * @param {string} eventName * @param {function({data: Object})} handler */ u2f.WrappedAuthenticatorPort_.prototype.addEventListener = function(eventName, handler) { var name = eventName.toLowerCase(); if (name == 'message') { var self = this; /* Register a callback to that executes when * chrome injects the response. */ window.addEventListener( 'message', self.onRequestUpdate_.bind(self, handler), false); } else { console.error('WrappedAuthenticatorPort only supports message'); } }; /** * Callback invoked when a response is received from the Authenticator. * @param function({data: Object}) callback * @param {Object} message message Object */ u2f.WrappedAuthenticatorPort_.prototype.onRequestUpdate_ = function(callback, message) { var messageObject = JSON.parse(message.data); var intentUrl = messageObject['intentURL']; var errorCode = messageObject['errorCode']; var responseObject = null; if (messageObject.hasOwnProperty('data')) { responseObject = /** @type {Object} */ ( JSON.parse(messageObject['data'])); } callback({'data': responseObject}); }; /** * Base URL for intents to Authenticator. * @const * @private */ u2f.WrappedAuthenticatorPort_.INTENT_URL_BASE_ = 'intent:#Intent;action=com.google.android.apps.authenticator.AUTHENTICATE'; /** * Wrap the iOS client app with a MessagePort interface. * @constructor * @private */ u2f.WrappedIosPort_ = function() {}; /** * Launch the iOS client app request * @param {Object} message */ u2f.WrappedIosPort_.prototype.postMessage = function(message) { var str = JSON.stringify(message); var url = "u2f://auth?" + encodeURI(str); location.replace(url); }; /** * Tells what type of port this is. * @return {String} port type */ u2f.WrappedIosPort_.prototype.getPortType = function() { return "WrappedIosPort_"; }; /** * Emulates the HTML 5 addEventListener interface. * @param {string} eventName * @param {function({data: Object})} handler */ u2f.WrappedIosPort_.prototype.addEventListener = function(eventName, handler) { var name = eventName.toLowerCase(); if (name !== 'message') { console.error('WrappedIosPort only supports message'); } }; /** * Sets up an embedded trampoline iframe, sourced from the extension. * @param {function(MessagePort)} callback * @private */ u2f.getIframePort_ = function(callback) { // Create the iframe var iframeOrigin = 'chrome-extension://' + u2f.EXTENSION_ID; var iframe = document.createElement('iframe'); iframe.src = iframeOrigin + '/u2f-comms.html'; iframe.setAttribute('style', 'display:none'); document.body.appendChild(iframe); var channel = new MessageChannel(); var ready = function(message) { if (message.data == 'ready') { channel.port1.removeEventListener('message', ready); callback(channel.port1); } else { console.error('First event on iframe port was not "ready"'); } }; channel.port1.addEventListener('message', ready); channel.port1.start(); iframe.addEventListener('load', function() { // Deliver the port to the iframe and initialize iframe.contentWindow.postMessage('init', iframeOrigin, [channel.port2]); }); }; //High-level JS API /** * Default extension response timeout in seconds. * @const */ u2f.EXTENSION_TIMEOUT_SEC = 30; /** * A singleton instance for a MessagePort to the extension. * @type {MessagePort|u2f.WrappedChromeRuntimePort_} * @private */ u2f.port_ = null; /** * Callbacks waiting for a port * @type {Array} * @private */ u2f.waitingForPort_ = []; /** * A counter for requestIds. * @type {number} * @private */ u2f.reqCounter_ = 0; /** * A map from requestIds to client callbacks * @type {Object.} * @private */ u2f.callbackMap_ = {}; /** * Creates or retrieves the MessagePort singleton to use. * @param {function((MessagePort|u2f.WrappedChromeRuntimePort_))} callback * @private */ u2f.getPortSingleton_ = function(callback) { if (u2f.port_) { callback(u2f.port_); } else { if (u2f.waitingForPort_.length == 0) { u2f.getMessagePort(function(port) { u2f.port_ = port; u2f.port_.addEventListener('message', /** @type {function(Event)} */ (u2f.responseHandler_)); // Careful, here be async callbacks. Maybe. while (u2f.waitingForPort_.length) u2f.waitingForPort_.shift()(u2f.port_); }); } u2f.waitingForPort_.push(callback); } }; /** * Handles response messages from the extension. * @param {MessageEvent.} message * @private */ u2f.responseHandler_ = function(message) { var response = message.data; var reqId = response['requestId']; if (!reqId || !u2f.callbackMap_[reqId]) { console.error('Unknown or missing requestId in response.'); return; } var cb = u2f.callbackMap_[reqId]; delete u2f.callbackMap_[reqId]; cb(response['responseData']); }; /** * Dispatches an array of sign requests to available U2F tokens. * If the JS API version supported by the extension is unknown, it first sends a * message to the extension to find out the supported API version and then it sends * the sign request. * @param {string=} appId * @param {string=} challenge * @param {Array} registeredKeys * @param {function((u2f.Error|u2f.SignResponse))} callback * @param {number=} opt_timeoutSeconds */ u2f.sign = function(appId, challenge, registeredKeys, callback, opt_timeoutSeconds) { if (js_api_version === undefined) { // Send a message to get the extension to JS API version, then send the actual sign request. u2f.getApiVersion( function (response) { js_api_version = response['js_api_version'] === undefined ? 0 : response['js_api_version']; console.log("Extension JS API Version: ", js_api_version); u2f.sendSignRequest(appId, challenge, registeredKeys, callback, opt_timeoutSeconds); }); } else { // We know the JS API version. Send the actual sign request in the supported API version. u2f.sendSignRequest(appId, challenge, registeredKeys, callback, opt_timeoutSeconds); } }; /** * Dispatches an array of sign requests to available U2F tokens. * @param {string=} appId * @param {string=} challenge * @param {Array} registeredKeys * @param {function((u2f.Error|u2f.SignResponse))} callback * @param {number=} opt_timeoutSeconds */ u2f.sendSignRequest = function(appId, challenge, registeredKeys, callback, opt_timeoutSeconds) { u2f.getPortSingleton_(function(port) { var reqId = ++u2f.reqCounter_; u2f.callbackMap_[reqId] = callback; var timeoutSeconds = (typeof opt_timeoutSeconds !== 'undefined' ? opt_timeoutSeconds : u2f.EXTENSION_TIMEOUT_SEC); var req = u2f.formatSignRequest_(appId, challenge, registeredKeys, timeoutSeconds, reqId); port.postMessage(req); }); }; /** * Dispatches register requests to available U2F tokens. An array of sign * requests identifies already registered tokens. * If the JS API version supported by the extension is unknown, it first sends a * message to the extension to find out the supported API version and then it sends * the register request. * @param {string=} appId * @param {Array} registerRequests * @param {Array} registeredKeys * @param {function((u2f.Error|u2f.RegisterResponse))} callback * @param {number=} opt_timeoutSeconds */ u2f.register = function(appId, registerRequests, registeredKeys, callback, opt_timeoutSeconds) { if (js_api_version === undefined) { // Send a message to get the extension to JS API version, then send the actual register request. u2f.getApiVersion( function (response) { js_api_version = response['js_api_version'] === undefined ? 0: response['js_api_version']; console.log("Extension JS API Version: ", js_api_version); u2f.sendRegisterRequest(appId, registerRequests, registeredKeys, callback, opt_timeoutSeconds); }); } else { // We know the JS API version. Send the actual register request in the supported API version. u2f.sendRegisterRequest(appId, registerRequests, registeredKeys, callback, opt_timeoutSeconds); } }; /** * Dispatches register requests to available U2F tokens. An array of sign * requests identifies already registered tokens. * @param {string=} appId * @param {Array} registerRequests * @param {Array} registeredKeys * @param {function((u2f.Error|u2f.RegisterResponse))} callback * @param {number=} opt_timeoutSeconds */ u2f.sendRegisterRequest = function(appId, registerRequests, registeredKeys, callback, opt_timeoutSeconds) { u2f.getPortSingleton_(function(port) { var reqId = ++u2f.reqCounter_; u2f.callbackMap_[reqId] = callback; var timeoutSeconds = (typeof opt_timeoutSeconds !== 'undefined' ? opt_timeoutSeconds : u2f.EXTENSION_TIMEOUT_SEC); var req = u2f.formatRegisterRequest_( appId, registeredKeys, registerRequests, timeoutSeconds, reqId); port.postMessage(req); }); }; /** * Dispatches a message to the extension to find out the supported * JS API version. * If the user is on a mobile phone and is thus using Google Authenticator instead * of the Chrome extension, don't send the request and simply return 0. * @param {function((u2f.Error|u2f.GetJsApiVersionResponse))} callback * @param {number=} opt_timeoutSeconds */ u2f.getApiVersion = function(callback, opt_timeoutSeconds) { u2f.getPortSingleton_(function(port) { // If we are using Android Google Authenticator or iOS client app, // do not fire an intent to ask which JS API version to use. if (port.getPortType) { var apiVersion; switch (port.getPortType()) { case 'WrappedIosPort_': case 'WrappedAuthenticatorPort_': apiVersion = 1.1; break; default: apiVersion = 0; break; } callback({ 'js_api_version': apiVersion }); return; } var reqId = ++u2f.reqCounter_; u2f.callbackMap_[reqId] = callback; var req = { type: u2f.MessageTypes.U2F_GET_API_VERSION_REQUEST, timeoutSeconds: (typeof opt_timeoutSeconds !== 'undefined' ? opt_timeoutSeconds : u2f.EXTENSION_TIMEOUT_SEC), requestId: reqId }; port.postMessage(req); }); }; PREEMA - ART & LIBERATION

Preema provokes transcendental thirst in this testing time. Her visual images of paintings and performances simultaneously capture and question the opposing dystopias of hyper-centralisation and endless fragmentation. She deals with contemporaneous contestations - conflict, identity, disruption, trust, truth, fake, visibility – of the less than perfect present time. Her women are political. They share diversity, pluralism, liberty and equality. Her commitment is also translated in her use of media. Preema, thus integrates diverse media in her works. She manipulates photographs, juxtaposes these with oil and acrylic on canvases while the video close circuit camera footages gather reactions of people from a particular space on a situational exhibit of her paintings. Her aesthetic integration triggers a different height as she draws on hip and traditional sound mixer with classical composition to create contrasting ambience of harmony and disruption of differing times and spaces. Her women inoculate societies with ideas. These artworks become a real translation of thoughts into evolving forms, always bearing in mind that her thinking allows aesthetic creations.

Preema’s premise and promise also accolades in her aesthetics by opting through symbolic meanings, while being adherent to a deeper understanding in the joy of beauty, which comes from human relationship of connectedness. She is a keen observant and that gives her an edge on the subject, resulting into her art not being objectified. This allows her to be engaged in constant experimentations. Her characters are internalised as she navigates in to a character and find herself as if she is the particular character. Her subjective stance in abstract realism is the beauty that the viewers make of her works. Her beauty is in idea, in form, and in expression. Her shapes, thus, can affect feelings and create a long lasting impression that the viewers take with her selves. Preema’s use of primary colours set the mood, and highlight the tone, pattern, and movement of the subject. Her subjects find a sense of balance, contrast or movement in her pattern, though sometimes, she uses painting techniques to create an illusion of texture. Subjects, nonetheless, feel bridged, connected, liberated and no longer remain in chains of objectification.

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